Preface
Introduction
Section-I
Development of Psychology: An Overview
Some Reflections on Psychology Textbooks; Psychology: Science or Social Science?; The Interdisciplinary Nature of Psychology; Nature of Knowledge in the Texts: Selection and Representation; Adequacy of School Textbooks as Preparation for Higher Education in Psychology; Pedagogical Directions in Textbooks; Revisiting the History of Psychology; Contemporary Developments in Psychology; Pedagogy in the Psychology Classroom; Understanding the Nature of Learner; The Psychology Teacher: Important Considerations; Methods and Strategies for Teaching Psychology; Lecture Method; Group-work; Experiments; Project-Based Learning or Problem Solving; T-Groups, Encounter Groups, and Sharing Groups; Role Play; Questioning as a Pedagogical Technique; Use of ICT in the Classroom; Assessment and Evaluation; The Framework for this Resource Book
Section-II
Activities
The Nature of Psychology
Introduction; Nature of Psychology: Subject Matter and Definition; Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions about Psychology; Identity of Psychology as a Discipline; Psychology as an Applied Discipline and its Key Branches; Evolution of Psychology; Psychology and Everyday life; Human Wholeness in Psychology
Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
Introduction; Understanding Psychological Research; Goals of Psychological Inquiry; Steps for Conducing Psychological Research; Simulated Experiment; Experimental Method; Observation; Correlational Research; Survey Method: Design, Standardization and Utility; Case Study; Ethics of Research; Recent Trends
Sensation and Perception
Introduction; Drawing the Relation between Sensation, Attention and Perception; Visual and Auditory Sensations; ‘Absolute Threshold’ and ‘Differential Threshold’; Attentional Processes; Span of Attention; Alertness and Concentration; Focus and Fringe; Selective Attention and Internal and External Factors Affecting Attention; Filtering by Selective Attention; Processing Approaches in Perception; Perceiver’s Significance; Perception of Space, Depth and Distance; Illusions; Recent Trends
Human Memory
Introduction; Nature of Memory; Long Term Memory; Maintenance Rehearsal and Elaborative Rehearsal; Memory System; Memory as a Reconstructive Process; Iconic and Echoic Memory; Chunking; Types of Long Term Memory; Concept; The Hierarchical Network Model; Examples; Recent Trends
Thinking
Introduction; Definition of Thinking; Definition of Thinking; Building Blocks of Thought; Understanding Concepts; Problem Solving; Creative Thinking; Characteristics of Creative Thinking; Language and Thought; Recent Trends
Motivation and Emotion
Introduction; Nature of Motivation; Biological and Psychosocial Motives; Psychosocial Motives; Frustration; Nature of Emotions; Physiological and Cognitive bases of Emotions; Expression of Emotions; Managing Emotions; Recent Trends
Learning and Cognition
Introduction; Nature of Learning; Difference between Habituation and Learning; Difference between Learning and Reflex; Classical Conditioning; Operant Conditioning; Imitation and Observational Learning; Category Clustering; Concept Learning; Sociocultural Theory of Lev Vygotsky; Recent Trends
Human Development
Introduction; Meaning of Development; Life-Span Perspective of Development; My Story; The Context of Development: Urie Bronfenbrenner; Stages of Development; The Pre Natal Stage; Infancy; Childhood; Adolescence; Summarising the Stages of Development; Role of Culture; Recent Trends
Individual Differences and Human Intelligence
Introduction; Individual Differences; Introducing Intelligence and Psychometrics; Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligence; Multiple Intelligences; Debates related to Intelligence; Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence; Emotional Intelligence; Culture and Intelligence; Recent Trends
Attitudes, Social Cognition and Pro Social Behaviour
Introduction; Nature of Attitude: ABC Model of Attitude; Attitude-Behaviour Relationship and Cognitive Dissonance; Attitude Change and Persuasion; Advertising and Persuasion; Stereotypes, Prejudices, and Discrimination; Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements; Attribution of Responsibility; Biases in Attribution; Impression Formation- Primacy Effect; Role of Central Traits in Impression Formation; Pro-social Behaviour-Replicating the Bystander’s Effect; Some Concepts for Advanced Learners
Social Influence and Group Processes
Introduction; Defining groups; Social Loafing; Group Polarization; Deindividuation; Conformity; Compliance: ‘Foot in the door’ and ‘Door in the face’ techniques; Obedience; Social Identity and Biases; Intergroup Cooperation and Competition; Prisoner’s Dilemma; Some Concepts for Advanced Learners
Self and Personality
Introduction; Introduction to Self and Personality; Self as an Object and Subject; Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy; Self-Regulation; Nature of Personality; Trait Approach; Trait Approach; Psychodynamic Approach; Introduction to the Psychodynamic Approach; Id, Ego, Superego and Defence Mechanisms; Levels of Consciousness; Self Actualisation; Social Cognitive Approach; Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development; Search for Identity; Different Approaches to the Study of Personality: Analysis of a Case Study; Assessment; Recent Developments
Psychological Disorders
Introduction; Concept of Abnormality; Differentiating Abnormal from Normal; Factors Underlying Psychological Disorders; Psychological Disorders; Case Presentation; Research; Discussing Media Representation of Psychological Disorders; Recent Trends
Therapeutic Approaches
Introduction; Therapeutic Relationship; Multiple Approaches to Therapy; Psychodynamic Therapy; Behaviour Therapy; Behaviour Modification Therapy; Factors contributing to Healing; Alternative Therapies; Case Analysis from Multiple Perspectives; Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill; Recent Trends
Developing Psychological Skills
Introduction; Observation Skills: “Check it out for 30 seconds”; Participant Observation; Communication Skills: The Drawing Task; Communication Skills: Chinese Whisper; Communication Skills: Active Listening and Paraphrasing; Communication Skills: Non-verbal Communication and Mixed Messages; Interviewing Skills; Counselling Skills: Empathy; Counselling Skills: Role play and Feedback; Stress Management: Defining Stress and identifying its causes; Stress Management: Identifying the Stressors; Stress Management: Managing Stress