The book looks beyond the traditional concept of education to be able to grasp not only the drastic changes in the concepts of education but also the reasons behind it. It is a comprehensive book designed to understand the crucial concepts like the nature and goals of education, the processes of education, different forms of knowledge and the process of knowing, organisation of knowledge in school curriculum, autonomy of the teachers and the learners, and the role of education in inculcating values among children. It demonstrates the concepts with examples to make it interesting and more understandable. The illustrations given are meaningful and relevant. It provides the student-teachers with considerable scope for engaging in the processes of inquiry, critical analysis and intellectual discourse. It delves deeper into the latest trends on the basis of National Education Policy 2020 and issues at stake.
Dr Rainu Gupta having been in teaching profession for more than three decades as well as in administrative profession for nearly a decade, has written several books on education and guided Ph.D. scholars. Her original contribution includes development of rating scale for students’ evaluation of teaching effectiveness. Her experience reflects in her well accepted books by learners and teacher educators.
Prof. Rainu Gupta has been associated with Hindu College of Education, Sonipat, as Principal and Sharda University as Dean. Currently she is Professor and Dean at Sanskriti University, Mathura. She is actively dedicated to the improvement of teacher education.
Dr. Reena Saroha is a teacher educator at Hindu College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana. She has published more than 20 research papers in journals of repute. She has contributed papers in many national and international seminars and conferences. She is a young researcher and guiding M. Ed. scholars. Main area of her interest and specialisation are Educational Philosophy, Educational Sociology, Teacher Education, and Inclusive Education.
Preface
1. Meaning and Processes of Education/ 1
Meaning of Education/1; Etymological Meaning of Education/2; Indian Concept of Education/3; Western Concept of Education/4; Narrow Concept of Education/8; Data of Education/10; Process of Education/11; Interdisciplinary Nature of Education/14
2. Purposes and Aims of Education /19
Purposes of Education/20; Need for Aims of Education/23; Different Types of Aim/24; Aims of Education in a Democratic Setup/26; Aims of Education in Ancient India/27; Aims of Education in Medieval India/27; Aims of Education during British Rule/28; Aims of Education in India after Independence/28; International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century Learning: The Treasure Within (1996)/43; Aims of Education as per National Education Policy (NEP) 2020/44
3. Analysis of Concepts of Education/ 49
Teaching/49; Definition/49; Analysis of Teaching/50; Characteristics of Teaching/52; Difference between Education and Teaching/53; Training/54; Analysis of Training/55; Difference between Education and Training/56; Indoctrination/57; Analysis of Indoctrination/57; Learning/59; Analysis of Learning/60; Characteristics of Learning/61; Schooling/64; Analysis of Schooling/65
4. Epistemological Basis of Education/ 67
Knowledge/67; Meaning of Knowledge/68; Forms of Knowledge/69; Characteristics of Knowledge/70; Types of Knowledge/71; Other Types of Knowledge/72; Belief/73; Inquiry/75; Reasons/76
5. Types of Education/ 78
Formal Education/80; Informal Education/82; Non-formal Education/84; Difference between Formal, Informal and Non-formal Education/88; Importance of Different forms of Education/91
6. Ethics, Values and Ideals/ 92
Ethics/92; Ethics in Indian Tradition/94; Characteristics/94; Nature of Ethics/95; Types/Theories of Ethics/96; Importance of Ethics/99; Values/101; Definition/102; Determination of Values/103; Kinds of Values/103; Need and Importance/105; How to Develop Values?/106; Ideals/111; How to Develop Ideals/113; Characteristics of an Ideal Student/115; Characteristics of an Ideal Teacher/116; Difference between Ethics, Values and Ideals/118
7. Education and Socialization/ 120
Meaning of Socialization/120; Characteristics or Features of Socialization/121; Types of Socialization/123; Role of Education for Socialization/125; Aims of Education/126; Socialization and Curriculum/127; Socialization and Methods of Teaching/128; Socialization and Teacher/128
8. Agencies of Socialization/ 130
The Home/Family/131; Peer Group/136; School/140; Media/146; Community/150
9. Culture and Education/ 156
Meaning of Culture/156; Characteristics of Culture/158; Relationship between Culture and Education/160; Culture and Different Aspects of Education/161; Co-curricular Activities/163; Functions of Education towards Culture/163; Culture and Ideology/167; Difference between Ideology and Culture/169
10. Constitutional Values/ 171
Preamble/171; Equality/172; Freedom/174; Justice/176; Secularism/177; Human Rights/182
11. Ancient Indian Goals: Purusharthas/ 190
Artha/192; Kama/193; Dharma/194; Moksha/195
12. Fundamental Bases for Formulating Aims of Education 197
Bases for Formulating Aims of Education/198; Philosophical Bases/199; Psychological Bases/200; Sociological Bases/202; Ethical Bases/206; Political Bases/207; Economical Bases/209
13. Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) /212
Philosophical Thinking of J. Krishnamurti/214; Krishnamurti’s Educational Philosophy/218; Educational Implications/231
14. John Dewey (1859-1952)/ 234
Life History/234; Dewey’s Writings/234; Dewey’s Philosophical Thoughts/235; Dewey’s Philosophy of Education/237; Influence of Dewey on Contemporary Education/253
15. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) /256
Philosophy of Life/256; Gandhi Ji as Naturalist, Idealist and Pragmatist/257; Basic Principles/257; Meaning of Education/258; Aims and Ideals of Education/259; Contribution to the Theory and Practice of Contemporary Education/263
16. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)/ 266
Brief Life Sketch/266; Rousseau’s Philosophy/268; Educational Philosophy of Rousseau/269; Influence of Rousseau in Contemporary Education/280; Limitations of Rousseau’s Educational Thoughts/282
17. Paulo Freire (1921-1977)/ 284
Biography and Life Sketch/284; Philosophy of Education/286; Contribution of Freire in Educational Practices/304
Bibliography/ 307